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D.1 Counting one more or one less up to 10 with dots

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Understanding One More and One Less

Knowing one more or one less than a number helps children understand how numbers change. When we see a group of dots, adding one dot makes the number bigger by one, and taking away one dot makes the number smaller by one.

Example:
  • See 4 dots → Add 1 more dot → Now there are 5 dots.
  • See 7 dots → Take away 1 dot → Now there are 6 dots.
Note

Use real dots that children can point to or move. Physical movement helps them understand the “one more, one less” concept.

Counting Dots to Find One More

To find one more, count the dots and imagine adding a new dot. This helps children see that numbers increase by one step.

Try This:
  • Look at 3 dots → Add 1 more → Count: “1, 2, 3, 4.”
  • Look at 6 dots → Add 1 more → Say: “Now there are 7 dots.”
Note

Always have the child count out loud as they add the dot. This builds strong number sense.

Counting Dots to Find One Less

To find one less, count the dots and imagine taking one dot away. This shows how numbers decrease by one step.

Try This:
  • See 5 dots → Take away 1 → Count: “1, 2, 3, 4.”
  • See 8 dots → Remove 1 → Say: “Now there are 7 dots.”
Note

Show the removed dot to make the subtraction clear. Visual change reinforces the concept of “less.”

Using Dot Cards for Practice

Dot cards make practicing “one more” and “one less” easier. Children can see the change in dots and connect it to the numbers they count.

Practice Ideas:
  • Show 2 dots → Ask: “What is one more?” → Child adds a dot.
  • Show 9 dots → Ask: “What is one less?” → Child removes a dot.
  • Mix the cards to practice numbers up to 10.
Note

Use clear, evenly spaced dots. Avoid random dot placement to keep counting simple and accurate.

Connecting Dots to Number Words

Children should say the number as they see the dots. This builds a link between the number word, the written number, and the quantity of dots.

Example:
  • Show 4 dots → Say “Four” → Add 1 dot → Say “Five.”
  • Show 7 dots → Say “Seven” → Remove 1 dot → Say “Six.”
Note

Encourage children to point, count, and speak at the same time to strengthen memory and understanding.

Tips for Teachers and Parents

  • Start with small numbers and gradually move to 10.
  • Always model “one more” by adding a dot, and “one less” by removing a dot.
  • Let children touch or move the dots themselves for hands-on learning.
  • Use praise and encouragement: “You found one less than 6. Great work!”
Supportive Practices:
  • Ask: “What comes after 4 dots?” or “What comes before 5 dots?”
  • Use daily objects like buttons or counters as dot substitutes.
  • Repeat short practices often for lasting understanding.
Note

Short, repeated practice sessions are better than long ones. Frequent review helps children remember one more and one less quickly.

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