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F. Addition up to 5 with word problems

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Introduction to Addition with Everyday Objects

Addition means putting groups together to find the total number. For young learners, using real objects like toys or snacks makes addition easier to understand.

Example:
  • 1 apple on the table, 2 more are added → Total is 3 apples.
  • 2 toy cars in a row, 0 more are added → Total is still 2 cars.
Note

Start with small numbers to build confidence. Encourage children to touch or move the objects while counting.

Adding by Counting All

Children can find the total by counting all objects in both groups. This is the first step before learning to count on.

Try This:
  • Show 2 blocks and then 3 more → Count all: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 → 5 blocks.
  • Show 1 crayon and add 1 more → Count all: 1, 2 → 2 crayons.
Note

Encourage pointing to each item while counting to avoid skipping numbers.

Adding by Counting On

After children are comfortable counting all, they can start with the first number and count on the second number instead of starting at 1 again.

Example:
  • Start at 2 and count on 2 more: 3... 4 → 4
  • Start at 3 and count 1 more: 4 → 4
Note

Say numbers out loud to keep track. Using fingers can help children count on accurately.

Using Pictures to Solve Addition

Pictures help children visualize the groups they are adding. They can count all the items in the picture to find the total.

Try This:
  • See 2 dogs in a yard and 1 dog joins → Count all: 1, 2, 3 → 3 dogs.
  • See 3 birds on a tree and 2 more fly in → Count all: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 → 5 birds.
Note

Encourage pointing to each picture to avoid double-counting or missing items.

Using Fingers for Quick Addition

Fingers are a natural counting tool. Children can hold up one number on one hand and then add fingers for the second number to find the total.

Example:
  • Show 2 fingers, then add 1 finger → Count all: 1, 2, 3 → 3
  • Hold up 1 finger, then add 3 more → Count all: 1, 2, 3, 4 → 4
Note

Finger counting is a temporary aid. Over time, children will begin to visualize the numbers without using their fingers.

Solving Word Problems with Addition

Word problems connect math to real-life situations. Children listen to the story, then use objects, fingers, or pictures to solve the problem.

Example:
  • “2 cats are on a porch. 1 more cat joins. How many cats now?” → 3
  • “3 apples are in a basket. 2 more are added. How many apples in all?” → 5
Note

Act out word problems with toys or drawings to help children understand what is happening in the story.

Tips for Parents and Teachers

  • Use objects, fingers, and pictures to support understanding.
  • Begin with totals up to 3, then move to sums up to 5.
  • Encourage counting aloud and using gestures to stay focused.
  • Praise effort as well as correct answers to build confidence.
Supportive Practices:
  • Turn daily routines into math practice, such as snack time or cleaning up toys.
  • Draw or use stickers to show how many items are being added.
  • Keep sessions short, playful, and engaging.
Note

Consistent practice and fun activities help children build lasting number sense and a positive attitude toward math.

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