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F.4 Addition up to 5 with equations

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What Is Addition?

Addition means putting two or more groups together to find out how many there are in total. It helps children understand how numbers grow when combined.

Example:
  • 1 block and 1 more block → Total is 2 blocks.
  • 2 apples and 2 more apples → Total is 4 apples.
Note

Use familiar objects like toys, snacks, or blocks to model addition in daily routines.

Using Fingers to Add

Fingers are a natural and effective tool for early addition. Children can show one number, then raise more fingers to find the total.

Try This:
  • Hold up 2 fingers, then 1 more → Count: 1, 2, 3 → Total is 3.
  • Show 3 fingers, then 2 more → Count: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 → Total is 5.
Note

Encourage children to count aloud while using their fingers. This builds number sense and coordination.

Counting On to Add

Counting on means starting at one number and continuing to count forward to add more. It helps children understand how numbers grow step by step.

Try This:
  • Start at 2, count on 2 more: 3... 4 → Total is 4.
  • Start at 1, count on 3 more: 2... 3... 4 → Total is 4.
Note

Teach children to say the first number, then tap objects or fingers as they count forward.

Using Objects and Pictures

Visuals like pictures or real objects help children see how two parts combine into one group. This builds understanding of the whole.

Example:
  • Show 2 toy cars and add 1 more → Count: 1, 2, 3 → Total is 3.
  • Draw 4 dots, then 1 more → Total is 5 dots.
Note

Use items children enjoy—like crayons, stickers, or animal pictures—for more engaging lessons.

Solving Word Problems

Word problems use simple stories to help children apply addition to real-life situations. This supports comprehension and language development.

Example:
  • “There are 2 cupcakes. Mom adds 2 more. How many now?” → 4
  • “You have 1 ball. A friend gives you 1 more. How many do you have now?” → 2
Note

Act out stories with toys or drawings to help children picture the problem clearly.

Building Fluency Through Practice

Fluency means being able to solve problems accurately and quickly. Daily short practice with addition helps children build confidence and skills.

Supportive Activities:
  • Count snacks: “2 crackers here, 1 more there. How many in all?”
  • Use math songs with hand motions for group counting and adding.
Note

Keep sessions short, repeat often, and praise effort. Fluency grows with consistency and encouragement.

Tips for Parents and Teachers

  • Use everyday objects—blocks, crayons, snacks—for hands-on addition.
  • Model counting out loud and demonstrate each step clearly.
  • Start with smaller numbers, gradually moving to 5.
  • Use games and songs to keep learning playful and fun.
Helpful Tips:
  • Make number cards and play “Find the Total.”
  • Draw and color groups of objects for children to count and combine.
  • Use counting rhymes to build both math and language skills.
Note

Positive feedback and engaging tools help young learners stay motivated and excited about math.

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