A ten frame is a simple tool that helps children visualize numbers up to 10. It is a rectangle with two rows of five boxes where stars or objects are placed to represent numbers.
Encourage children to see how numbers build up in a ten frame from left to right. This helps them understand how numbers grow.
Counting stars placed on a ten frame helps children understand that numbers represent quantities. Each star is counted once to find the total number.
Have children point to each star as they count. The last number they say is the total number of stars.
Matching the number of stars on a ten frame to a written number helps children connect visual quantities with numerals they can read.
Use number cards alongside ten frames to reinforce the connection between numerals and counted stars.
Counting beyond ten introduces children to teen numbers. Using multiple ten frames helps them see how numbers are built from groups of ten plus extra ones.
Explain that numbers after 10 are made of a full ten frame plus some more stars on the next frame. This helps children understand numbers like 11-20.
Subitizing is the ability to instantly recognize how many stars are on a ten frame without counting them one by one. This builds quick number recognition up to 10.
Use quick visual displays of stars to help children build subitizing skills. Start with small groups and gradually move to full ten frames.
Comparing two ten frames helps children understand the concepts of more, less, and equal. This develops early reasoning about numbers.
Place ten frames side by side so children can clearly see which group of stars is bigger, smaller, or the same.
Frequent practice with ten frames helps children become fluent in counting, recognizing, and comparing numbers up to 20. Consistent visual and hands-on activities strengthen number sense.
Encourage children to explain their thinking as they count and build numbers. This deepens their understanding and prepares them for future math skills.