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OO.1 Understand income and payroll taxes

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What is income?

Income is the money people earn for their work or from other sources, such as businesses, gifts, or investments.

Examples:
  • Maria earns $12 per hour babysitting her neighbor’s children.
  • Alex receives $10 each week for mowing lawns.
  • Jordan earns $50 in interest from a savings account each year.
Note

Your income is the total amount of money you make before any taxes or deductions are taken out.

What are payroll taxes?

Payroll taxes are amounts of money taken out of your paycheck by your employer to pay for government programs such as Social Security and Medicare.

Example:
  • If Taylor earns $500 in one week and $38 is taken out for payroll taxes, Taylor’s take-home pay is $462.
Note

Payroll taxes help pay for services people use when they are older or when they need medical care.

What are income taxes?

Income taxes are amounts of money individuals and businesses pay to the government based on how much money they earn.

Example:
  • If Jordan earns $2,000 each month and pays $150 in income taxes, Jordan keeps $1,850 as take-home pay.
Note

Income taxes help fund public services such as schools, roads, parks, and libraries that benefit the whole community.

Gross pay vs. net pay

Gross pay is the total amount of money earned before any taxes or deductions. Net pay is the amount you actually take home after all deductions.

Example:
  • Jordan’s gross pay is $2,000 per month.
  • Jordan pays $150 in income tax and $50 in payroll tax.
  • Jordan’s net pay is $2,000 βˆ’ $150 βˆ’ $50 = $1,800.
Note

Gross pay is what you earn, and net pay is what you keep. It’s important to understand both when managing money.

Applying income and payroll tax knowledge

We can use multi-step word problems to understand how income and payroll taxes affect what a person actually earns.

Example Problem:
  • Emma earns $15 per hour and works 20 hours in one week.
  • Her gross pay is 15 Γ— 20 = $300.
  • Her employer takes out $24 for payroll taxes and $21 for income tax.
  • Emma’s net pay is $300 βˆ’ $24 βˆ’ $21 = $255.
Note

Use addition, subtraction, and multiplication to solve real-world problems involving income and taxes. Always show your work step by step.

Why understanding taxes matters

Learning about income and taxes helps you plan for your financial future and understand how money supports your community.

Example:
  • Knowing how much money is taken out for taxes helps you make a budget and save for goals like college or a trip.
Note

Understanding income and payroll taxes builds good financial habits that help you make smart money decisions later in life.