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D.2 Multiply whole numbers ending with zeros

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What does it mean to multiply whole numbers that end with zeros?

When both numbers you multiply end with zeros, you can use place value to make the problem easier. First, multiply the nonzero digits. Then, count all the zeros in both numbers and add them to the end of your product.

Example:
  • 30 × 400 = ?
  • Step 1: Multiply the basic numbers (3 × 4 = 12)
  • Step 2: Count the zeros (30 has 1 zero, 400 has 2 zeros → total 3 zeros)
  • Step 3: Add the zeros to the product (12 → 12,000)
  • Answer: 30 × 400 = 12,000
Note

This method works because each zero represents a power of ten. Multiplying by tens, hundreds, or thousands increases the value by those powers of ten.

How to multiply numbers ending with zeros step by step

Follow these steps to multiply large numbers that both end in zeros accurately and quickly.

Steps:
  • 1. Ignore the zeros and multiply the nonzero digits.
  • 2. Count how many zeros appear in both factors.
  • 3. Write the product of the nonzero digits.
  • 4. Add all the counted zeros to the end of that product.
Note

Be careful not to lose or add extra zeros. Double-check by estimating — your answer should make sense in size.

Examples of multiplying numbers ending with zeros

Here are several examples showing how to multiply whole numbers that both end with zeros.

Examples:
  • 20 × 50 = (2 × 5) and add two zeros → 1,000
  • 600 × 700 = (6 × 7) and add four zeros → 420,000
  • 800 × 90 = (8 × 9) and add three zeros → 72,000
Note

Counting zeros correctly is key. The more zeros in your factors, the greater the product will be.

Why this method works

Zeros at the end of whole numbers show that the number has been multiplied by ten, one or more times. When you multiply two such numbers, you are combining their powers of ten.

Example with place value:
  • 300 × 20 = (3 × 10²) × (2 × 10¹)
  • = (3 × 2) × 10³
  • = 6 × 1,000 = 6,000
Note

This shows that each zero represents a power of ten, and multiplying powers of ten adds their exponents. That’s why we count and add the zeros in our shortcut method.

Tips for checking your work

After solving, you can estimate or use smaller numbers to make sure your answer makes sense.

Example:
  • Estimate 700 × 40
  • Think: 7 × 4 = 28 → add three zeros → 28,000
  • If your exact answer is close to this estimate, your multiplication is probably correct.
Note

Estimation helps catch mistakes with zeros or misplaced digits. Always review your final product carefully.