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D.8 Multiply whole numbers by 1-digit numbers: word problems

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What does it mean to multiply whole numbers by a 1-digit number?

Multiplication is a way to combine equal groups. When you multiply a whole number by a 1-digit number, you are adding that number to itself a certain number of times.

Example:
  • 4 ร— 3 means 4 groups of 3, or 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
  • So, 4 ร— 3 = 12
Note

Think of multiplication as repeated addition. The first number tells how many groups there are, and the second number tells how many are in each group.

How to solve word problems using multiplication

To solve multiplication word problems, read carefully to understand what is being asked. Identify the groups, the number in each group, and the total you need to find.

Steps:
  • Step 1: Read the problem carefully and underline key information.
  • Step 2: Identify the number of groups and how many are in each group.
  • Step 3: Write a multiplication equation to represent the problem.
  • Step 4: Solve the equation and check that your answer makes sense.
Note

Always reread the question after solving to be sure your answer fits what the problem is asking.

Example word problems

Here are some examples of how multiplication is used to solve real-world problems.

Examples:
  • Example 1: A box holds 8 pencils. How many pencils are in 7 boxes?
    Equation: 8 ร— 7 = 56
    There are 56 pencils in all.
  • Example 2: Each student has 5 markers. If there are 9 students, how many markers are there in total?
    Equation: 5 ร— 9 = 45
    There are 45 markers altogether.
Note

When solving, make sure the units in your answer (like pencils or markers) match what the question asks for.

Using multiplication with larger numbers

You can multiply larger whole numbers by a 1-digit number using place value and partial products. Multiply each digit, then combine the results.

Example:
  • Multiply 236 ร— 4
  • (200 ร— 4) + (30 ร— 4) + (6 ร— 4)
  • = 800 + 120 + 24 = 944
  • So, 236 ร— 4 = 944
Note

Line up numbers carefully by place value when multiplying. Check your work by estimating the answer to see if it makes sense.

Tips for success

Multiplication becomes easier with practice and attention to detail. Understanding what each number represents helps avoid mistakes.

Helpful reminders:
  • Look for keywords such as โ€œeach,โ€ โ€œevery,โ€ or โ€œin allโ€ in word problems.
  • Write a multiplication equation before solving.
  • Double-check your work by using repeated addition or estimation.
Note

Practicing with different word problems helps you understand when to use multiplication and how it applies in real-life situations.