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E.4 Divide whole numbers by 1-digit numbers

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What does it mean to divide by a 1-digit number?

Division is the process of splitting a number into equal parts. When you divide by a 1-digit number, you are finding how many equal groups of that number fit into a larger number, or how much each group gets when the larger number is shared equally.

Example:
  • 24 ÷ 3 = 8    (24 split into 3 equal groups gives 8 in each group)
Note

Division is the opposite of multiplication. You can always check your work by multiplying the quotient by the divisor to see if it equals the dividend.

Parts of a division problem

Every division problem has three main parts: the dividend (the number being divided), the divisor (the number you are dividing by), and the quotient (the result).

Example:
  • 48 ÷ 6 = 8
  • 48 is the dividend, 6 is the divisor, and 8 is the quotient.
Note

Remember this order: Dividend ÷ Divisor = Quotient.

How to divide by a 1-digit number

To divide a large number by a 1-digit number, use long division. Work from left to right, dividing each digit of the dividend by the divisor. If a digit cannot be divided evenly, carry the remainder to the next place value.

Example:
  • 7,248 ÷ 3
  • Step 1: 3 goes into 7 two times (write 2), remainder 1.
  • Step 2: Bring down 2 to make 12. 3 goes into 12 four times.
  • Step 3: Bring down 4 to make 4. 3 goes into 4 one time, remainder 1.
  • Step 4: Bring down 8 to make 18. 3 goes into 18 six times, remainder 0.
  • Answer: 2,416
Note

Always keep digits lined up neatly by place value when dividing. Check your answer by multiplying the quotient by the divisor.

Understanding remainders

Sometimes a number cannot be divided evenly. The amount left over is called the remainder. It is smaller than the divisor.

Example:
  • 23 ÷ 4 = 5 R 3
  • 4 goes into 23 five times (4 × 5 = 20) with 3 left over. The 3 is the remainder.
Note

If you multiply the divisor by the quotient and add the remainder, the result should equal the dividend.

Estimating to check your answers

When dividing large numbers, you can use estimation to see if your answer makes sense. Round the dividend to a nearby multiple of the divisor before dividing.

Example:
  • Estimate 6,125 ÷ 5
  • Round 6,125 to 6,000 (a number that divides easily by 5).
  • 6,000 ÷ 5 = 1,200, so your quotient should be close to 1,200.
Note

Estimation helps you recognize if an answer is reasonable or if you made an error in division.

Division and real-world problems

Division is used in real life to share or group items equally. You can use division to solve word problems by identifying what is being shared and how many groups or items per group you need.

Example:
  • A baker has 126 cupcakes and needs to pack them into boxes of 6. How many boxes can he fill?
  • 126 ÷ 6 = 21
  • He can fill 21 boxes.
Note

Always read word problems carefully to decide what number to divide and what the quotient represents.