Fractions show parts of a whole. A mixed number has a whole number and a fraction together.
The top number is called the numerator and the bottom number is the denominator. They show how many equal parts a whole is divided into and how many parts are being used.
To add fractions, make sure the denominators (bottom numbers) are the same. Then add the numerators and keep the denominator the same. When adding mixed numbers, add the whole numbers first, then the fractions.
Always check that fractions have the same denominator before adding. Simplify your final answer if possible.
To subtract fractions, make sure the denominators are the same. Subtract the numerators and keep the denominator. For mixed numbers, subtract the whole numbers and fractions separately. You may need to regroup if the top fraction is smaller.
If needed, regroup from the whole number when the top fraction is smaller. Always simplify your result to the lowest terms.
To multiply fractions, multiply the numerators together and the denominators together. When multiplying mixed numbers, change them to improper fractions first, multiply, and then simplify.
Always simplify your answer and change improper fractions back into mixed numbers when needed.
To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocal of the second fraction. For mixed numbers, change them to improper fractions first, then multiply by the reciprocal.
Remember: “Keep, Change, Flip.” Keep the first fraction, change the division to multiplication, and flip the second fraction.
Some problems use more than one operation. Read carefully to decide what to do first. Use parentheses or step-by-step reasoning to solve correctly.
Write out each step clearly. Decide whether to add, subtract, multiply, or divide based on what the problem is asking.