Mixed numbers are numbers that include both a whole number and a fraction. For example, 214 means “2 wholes and one-fourth.”
Mixed numbers can be changed to improper fractions to make addition or subtraction easier.
To add mixed numbers, add the whole numbers first, then the fractions. If the denominators are different, find a common denominator before adding the fractions.
If the fraction part adds up to one or more wholes, regroup it into the whole number part.
To subtract mixed numbers, subtract the whole numbers and fractions separately. If the fraction in the first number is smaller, you may need to borrow 1 from the whole number.
Always check whether you need to borrow when subtracting fractions with the same or different denominators.
Word problems help you understand when and how to add or subtract mixed numbers in real-life situations. Read carefully to decide which operation to use.
Emma walked 212 miles on Monday and 334 miles on Tuesday. How far did she walk in all?
Jack baked 525 pans of brownies. He sold 345 pans. How many pans does he have left?
Look for clue words: “in all” or “total” often mean add; “left” or “remain” often mean subtract.
Use these steps to stay organized when working with mixed number problems:
Always simplify your fractions and check your work with estimation to make sure your answer makes sense.