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T.1 Building vocabulary with prefixes pre- and re-

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What are prefixes and suffixes?

Prefixes are word parts added to the beginning of a base word. Suffixes are word parts added to the end of a base word. They change the meaning or form of the word.

Examples:
  • pre + view → preview (“to look at beforehand”)
  • re + build → rebuild (“to build again”)
  • hope + fulhopeful (“full of hope”)
Note

Remember: prefixes and suffixes cannot stand alone. They must be attached to a base word to form a complete word.

How do prefixes change word meaning?

A prefix changes the meaning of the base word by adding a new idea. For example, the prefix pre- means “before,” and the prefix re- means “again.”

Examples:
  • pre + historic → prehistoric (“before recorded history”)
  • re + consider → reconsider (“to think about again”)
  • pre + approve → preapprove (“to approve in advance”)
Note

When reading, look for a prefix at the beginning of a word. It often gives you a clue about the meaning.

How do suffixes change word meaning?

A suffix changes the role or form of a base word. It can turn a noun into an adjective, an adjective into an adverb, or change tense in verbs.

Examples:
  • care + lesscareless (“without care”)
  • teach + erteacher (“a person who teaches”)
  • kind + nesskindness (“the state of being kind”)
Note

Suffixes often change the part of speech. For example, “happy” (adjective) becomes “happiness” (noun).

Common prefixes and suffixes to know

These prefixes and suffixes appear often in fifth grade texts. Recognizing them will strengthen your vocabulary.

Prefix and Suffix List:
  • pre- = before (pretest, preplan)
  • re- = again (rewrite, rejoin)
  • -ful = full of (thoughtful, respectful)
  • -less = without (powerless, motionless)
  • -er = one who (leader, builder)
Note

Some words may use the same prefix or suffix but carry slightly different meanings. Always read the whole sentence for context.

Using prefixes and suffixes in sentences

Applying prefixes and suffixes to base words can help you form and understand more advanced vocabulary.

Examples:
  • “The scientist will retest the experiment to confirm the results.”
  • “The museum displayed prehistoric fossils from millions of years ago.”
  • “Her thoughtfulness made everyone feel welcome.”
Note

If you can identify the prefix or suffix and connect it with the base word, you will better understand the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary.