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J.1 Multiply by 10 or 100

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What does it mean to multiply by 10 or 100?

Multiplying by 10 or 100 means increasing a number by groups of ten or one hundred. When you multiply by 10, the number gets ten times larger. When you multiply by 100, the number gets one hundred times larger.

Examples:
  • 6 × 10 = 60
  • 23 × 10 = 230
  • 47 × 100 = 4,700
Note

Multiplying by 10 adds one zero to the end of the number. Multiplying by 100 adds two zeros, but always check your place value carefully.

How do place values change?

When multiplying by 10 or 100, each digit shifts to the left. Multiplying by 10 shifts digits one place. Multiplying by 100 shifts digits two places.

Steps:
  • Take the number 35.
  • Multiply by 10: 35 → 350 (each digit moved one place left).
  • Multiply by 100: 35 → 3,500 (each digit moved two places left).
Note

Think of place value as “shifting the digits.” The numbers move, and zeros fill in at the end to hold their places.

Common multiplication facts with 10 and 100

Knowing quick multiplication facts helps you solve larger problems with confidence. Start with smaller numbers, then apply the same rules to bigger ones.

Examples:
  • 4 × 10 = 40
  • 9 × 100 = 900
  • 12 × 10 = 120
  • 15 × 100 = 1,500
Note

These facts work the same way with one-digit or two-digit numbers. The key is to shift the digits and keep track of zeros correctly.

Using multiplication by 10 or 100 in real life

Multiplying by 10 or 100 is useful in real situations, such as counting money, measuring distances, or working with large groups.

Examples:
  • If one box holds 12 pencils, then 10 boxes hold 120 pencils.
  • If a concert ticket costs $25, then 100 tickets cost $2,500.
Note

When solving real-world problems, always check if multiplying by 10 or 100 makes sense for the situation.