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CC.1 Identify the meanings of Greek and Latin roots

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What are Greek and Latin roots?

Greek and Latin roots are word parts that come from the Greek and Latin languages. They are the base of many English words and help you figure out meanings when reading or writing.

Examples:
  • tele (Greek) = far β†’ telephone (sound from far away)
  • port (Latin) = carry β†’ transport (to carry across)
  • geo (Greek) = earth β†’ geography (study of the earth)
Note

Learning roots helps you unlock the meaning of unfamiliar words without using a dictionary.

Why are roots important?

Roots give clues about word meanings. When you recognize a root, you can make educated guesses about new words.

Examples:
  • dict = speak β†’ predict (to speak before something happens)
  • scrib/script = write β†’ manuscript (a handwritten text)
  • aud = hear β†’ audience (a group that listens)
Note

When you see a root you know, stop and think: how does it connect to the meaning of the word?

Common Greek and Latin roots to know

Here are some useful roots that appear often in fourth-grade reading and writing.

Root List:
  • bio (life) β†’ biology, biography
  • meter (measure) β†’ thermometer, diameter
  • phon (sound) β†’ microphone, symphony
  • rupt (break) β†’ interrupt, erupt
  • struct (build) β†’ construct, structure
Note

Some words may use the same root in different forms (like scrib/script). Both share the same meaning.

Using roots to understand new words

When you come across a new word, look for Greek or Latin roots inside it. Break the word into parts and use the root meaning to help define the word.

Examples:
  • autograph β†’ auto (self) + graph (write) = a person’s own writing
  • telephone β†’ tele (far) + phone (sound) = sound from far away
  • construction β†’ con (together) + struct (build) = building something together
Note

Breaking down a word into roots and prefixes/suffixes is a strategy called morphological analysis. It makes you a stronger reader.