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OO.1 Identify coordinating conjunctions

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What are coordinating conjunctions?

Coordinating conjunctions are words that join two equal parts of a sentence, such as two words, two phrases, or two independent clauses.

Examples:
  • I like apples and oranges.
  • She wanted to go to the park, but it started to rain.
  • We can stay here or we can go home.
Note

Coordinating conjunctions connect ideas of equal importance. They should not make one part more important than the other.

The FANBOYS Strategy

There are seven coordinating conjunctions in English. A helpful way to remember them is with the acronym FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So. These words connect words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal importance.

Examples of FANBOYS:
  • F β†’ I stayed inside, for it was very cold. (reason)
  • A β†’ We had sandwiches and juice. (addition)
  • N β†’ She doesn’t eat meat, nor does she drink milk. (negative addition)
  • B β†’ She wanted to play, but she had homework. (contrast)
  • O β†’ Do you want tea or coffee? (choice)
  • Y β†’ It was raining, yet they went for a walk. (unexpected contrast)
  • S β†’ It was late, so we went home. (result)
Note

Each coordinating conjunction serves a unique purpose. Choose the one that clearly shows the relationship between your ideas.

Joining words and phrases

Coordinating conjunctions can join single words or groups of words (phrases) to make writing smoother and less repetitive.

Examples:
  • Words: He likes pizza and pasta.
  • Phrases: We will go to the beach or stay at home.
  • Phrases: She can sing and play the guitar.
Note

Be sure that the parts you are joining are the same kind (two nouns, two phrases, or two clauses). This keeps your sentence balanced and correct.

Joining sentences (independent clauses)

Coordinating conjunctions can join two independent clauses to form a compound sentence. A comma usually comes before the conjunction in these cases.

Examples:
  • I wanted to read my book, but my brother wanted to play.
  • We went to the store, and we bought some fruit.
  • She was tired, so she went to bed early.
Note

When combining two full sentences, always place a comma before the coordinating conjunction. This helps avoid run-on sentences.

Tips for using coordinating conjunctions

Using coordinating conjunctions correctly makes writing clearer and more interesting. They help ideas flow smoothly without making sentences too short or choppy.

Helpful Tips:
  • Use the right conjunction for the meaning you want.
  • Do not use too many conjunctions in one sentence.
  • Remember the FANBOYS to guide your choices.
Note

Strong writing balances short and long sentences. Coordinating conjunctions help connect ideas while keeping sentences smooth and easy to read.