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A.4 Place value: word problems

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What is place value?

Place value tells us the value of each digit in a number based on its position. In third grade, we work with ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands.

Examples:
  • In 3,482 the digit 3 means 3 thousands.
  • In 560 the digit 6 means 6 tens, or 60.
  • In 204 the digit 2 means 2 hundreds.
Note

Each place (ones, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.) is ten times greater than the place to its right.

Understanding place value in word problems

Word problems often use place value to compare numbers, find missing values, or understand how digits change when numbers increase or decrease.

Examples:
  • If a number has 4 hundreds, 5 tens, and 2 ones, it is 452.
  • If you add 1 hundred to 638, the hundreds place increases, making the new number 738.
  • If you remove 3 tens from 470, the tens place decreases, making the new number 440.
Note

When solving, look for clue words like “hundreds,” “tens,” “ones,” “greater,” “less,” or “value of the digit.” These hints tell you what the problem is asking.

Word problems involving comparing numbers

Some word problems ask you to compare numbers to find which is greater or smaller using their place values.

Examples:
  • Maria has 824 stickers. Jonah has 842 stickers. Jonah has more because 8 hundreds = 8 hundreds, but 4 tens is greater than 2 tens.
  • A number with 7 hundreds is always greater than any number with 6 hundreds.
Note

Always compare digits from left to right, starting with the greatest place value.

Word problems involving building and breaking apart numbers

Some problems ask you to make or take apart numbers using hundreds, tens, and ones. This is called composing and decomposing numbers.

Examples:
  • “A number has 5 hundreds, 0 tens, and 9 ones.” That number is 509.
  • “Break 736 into hundreds, tens, and ones.” → 700 + 30 + 6.
  • “A number is 200 more than 541.” → 741.
Note

Think of numbers like building blocks. You can put them together or take them apart to understand their value.

Word problems involving rounding and estimating

Sometimes word problems ask you to round numbers to the nearest ten or hundred to make estimating easier.

Examples:
  • Round 368 to the nearest hundred → 400.
  • If a store sold 287 apples, you can round to 300 to estimate.
  • Round 54 to the nearest ten → 50.
Note

Use rounding when the exact answer is not needed or when the problem says to estimate.

Using place value reasoning in sentences

Explaining your thinking helps show you understand how place value works in a word problem.

Examples:
  • “I know 472 is greater than 427 because the tens digit in 472 is larger.”
  • “I added 3 tens to 590, so the tens place grew from 9 tens to 12 tens, which changed the number to 620.”
  • “The digit 6 in 6,214 means six thousands.”
Note

Use clear sentences when explaining your answer. Tell which digit changed, why it changed, and what that means for the whole number.