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N.6 Multiply 5 by numbers up to 12

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What are multiplication facts?

Multiplication facts are the basic answers you get when you multiply two single-digit numbers together. Learning these facts by heart helps you solve math problems quickly and accurately.

Examples:
  • 5 × 2 = 10
  • 5 × 7 = 35
  • 5 × 12 = 60
Note

Think of multiplication as repeated addition. For example, 5 × 4 is the same as 5 + 5 + 5 + 5.

Understanding the pattern of fives

Multiplying by 5 creates a predictable pattern. Each product, or answer, ends in either a 5 or a 0.

Pattern sequence:
  • 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60
Note

If you can count by fives, you already know the answers to the multiplication facts for 5.

Key facts to memorize

To build fluency, it is important to memorize all multiplication facts for 5, from 5 × 1 through 5 × 12.

Fact table:
  • 5 × 0 = 0
  • 5 × 1 = 5
  • 5 × 2 = 10
  • 5 × 3 = 15
  • 5 × 4 = 20
  • 5 × 5 = 25
  • 5 × 6 = 30
  • 5 × 7 = 35
  • 5 × 8 = 40
  • 5 × 9 = 45
  • 5 × 10 = 50
  • 5 × 11 = 55
  • 5 × 12 = 60
Note

Doubling a fact you already know can help. For example, if you know 5 × 6 = 30, then 5 × 12 is double that, which is 60.

Using multiplication facts in problems

Once you know the facts, you can use them to solve word problems and more complex equations.

Example problem:
  • "If one pack has 5 pencils, how many pencils are in 8 packs?"
  • You would solve: 5 × 8 = 40 pencils.
Note

Always identify the number being multiplied (5) and how many times it is being multiplied (the other number). This tells you which fact to use.

Checking your answers with addition

A good way to check your multiplication is to use the addition strategy you already know.

How to check:
  • If you think 5 × 9 = 45, check by adding: 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5.
  • If you think 5 × 4 = 20, check by adding: 5 + 5 + 5 + 5.
Note

If your repeated addition gives you the same answer, your multiplication fact is correct.