A unit fraction is a fraction where the numerator (top number) is 1, and the denominator (bottom number) is a positive whole number. It represents one equal part of a whole.
Think "one piece." In a unit fraction, you are always looking at just one of the total equal parts.
A shape model shows a unit fraction when it is divided into equal parts and exactly one of those parts is shaded or highlighted.
Equal parts are key! If the parts are not the same size, it does not correctly represent a fraction.
Unit fractions can be represented using circles, rectangles, squares, and other basic shapes. The shape of the whole does not change the value of the fraction.
The same unit fraction, like 14, can look different depending on the shape of the whole and how it is divided, but it always means the same amount: one out of four equal parts.
These are the unit fractions most commonly used in models. Knowing their names and what they look like is essential.
As the denominator gets larger, the size of each unit fraction piece gets smaller because the whole is split into more parts.
When you describe a model showing a unit fraction, use precise language to connect the visual to the number.
Always state that the parts are equal. Then name the total number of parts and the fact that one is selected. This will lead you to the correct unit fraction.