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E.2 Estimate differences by rounding numbers: up to 1,000

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What is estimating differences?

Estimating differences means finding an approximate answer to a subtraction problem by rounding numbers before subtracting.

Example:
  • Instead of calculating 587 - 324 exactly...
  • We round: 590 - 320 = 270
  • The estimated difference is 270
Note

Estimating helps you check if your exact answer is reasonable. It's like making a good guess before finding the precise answer.

How to round numbers to the nearest ten

To round to the nearest ten, look at the ones digit. If it's 5 or greater, round up. If it's 4 or less, round down.

Steps:
  • Look at the number: 347
  • Find the ones digit: 7
  • Since 7 is greater than 5, round up to 350
Note

When rounding to the nearest ten, the number will always end with a zero.

How to round numbers to the nearest hundred

To round to the nearest hundred, look at the tens digit. If it's 5 or greater, round up. If it's 4 or less, round down.

Steps:
  • Look at the number: 682
  • Find the tens digit: 8
  • Since 8 is greater than 5, round up to 700
Note

When rounding to the nearest hundred, the number will always end with two zeros.

Estimating differences by rounding to the nearest ten

Round both numbers to the nearest ten, then subtract to find the estimated difference.

Example:
  • Problem: 463 - 278
  • Round to nearest ten: 460 - 280
  • Subtract: 460 - 280 = 180
  • Estimated difference: 180
Note

This method gives you a closer estimate than rounding to the nearest hundred.

Estimating differences by rounding to the nearest hundred

Round both numbers to the nearest hundred, then subtract to find the estimated difference.

Example:
  • Problem: 725 - 389
  • Round to nearest hundred: 700 - 400
  • Subtract: 700 - 400 = 300
  • Estimated difference: 300
Note

This method is faster but gives a less precise estimate than rounding to the nearest ten.

When to use estimation

Estimation is helpful when you need a quick answer or want to check if your exact calculation is reasonable.

Real-world examples:
  • Estimating how much money you'll have left after buying items
  • Checking if a subtraction answer makes sense
  • Making quick calculations in your head
Note

Always estimate before calculating exactly. If your exact answer is very different from your estimate, check your work!