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U.1 Division facts up to 12

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What is division?

Division is a way of splitting a number into equal groups. It tells us how many are in each group or how many groups can be made.

Example:
  • 12 ÷ 3 = 4 → 12 objects split into 3 equal groups gives 4 in each group.
Note

Division is the opposite of multiplication. If 3 × 4 = 12, then 12 ÷ 3 = 4 and 12 ÷ 4 = 3.

How do we understand division facts?

Division facts are the answers to division problems we know quickly, without needing to count. They are connected to multiplication facts.

Examples:
  • Since 5 × 2 = 10, we know 10 ÷ 5 = 2 and 10 ÷ 2 = 5.
  • Since 4 × 3 = 12, we know 12 ÷ 4 = 3 and 12 ÷ 3 = 4.
Note

Memorizing multiplication facts helps you recall division facts quickly.

Division fact families

A fact family shows how multiplication and division are related. Each family has four related facts.

Example:
  • 3 × 4 = 12
  • 4 × 3 = 12
  • 12 ÷ 3 = 4
  • 12 ÷ 4 = 3
Note

Knowing the whole fact family makes it easier to solve both multiplication and division problems.

Division facts up to 12

It is important to practice division facts with divisors from 1 through 12 until you know them with confidence.

Examples:
  • 24 ÷ 6 = 4
  • 36 ÷ 9 = 4
  • 48 ÷ 12 = 4
Note

Fluency means you can solve division problems quickly and accurately without extra steps.

Using division in real life

Division is used in everyday situations when we share or group items equally.

Examples:
  • 12 cookies shared among 4 friends: 12 ÷ 4 = 3 cookies each.
  • 20 pencils placed in groups of 5: 20 ÷ 5 = 4 groups.
Note

Thinking of real-world examples can help you understand and remember division facts better.