AA.4 Use coordinating conjunctions to explain ideas
What are coordinating conjunctions?
Coordinating conjunctions are words that join two equal parts of a sentence, such as words, phrases, or clauses. They help connect ideas clearly and smoothly.
- I want to play, and read a book.
- She is tired, but happy.
- You can have cake, or ice cream.
Remember: coordinating conjunctions always connect parts that are similar or equal in importance.
What are the types of coordinating conjunctions?
The main coordinating conjunctions in English are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. You can remember them using the acronym FANBOYS.
- For – explains reason: I stayed inside, for it was raining.
- And – adds information: She likes pizza, and salad.
- Nor – adds a negative idea: He does not like spinach, nor does he like broccoli.
- But – shows contrast: I want to go, but I am tired.
- Or – shows choice: Would you like tea, or coffee?
- Yet – shows contrast: The test was hard, yet I did well.
- So – shows result: It was cold, so I wore a jacket.
Each conjunction has a special job. Using them correctly helps your writing sound clear and interesting.
How to use coordinating conjunctions in sentences
Coordinating conjunctions connect two complete ideas (independent clauses) or words/phrases. When connecting clauses, use a comma before the conjunction.
- She wanted to play outside, but it started to rain.
- We can go to the park, or stay home.
- I like apples, and oranges.
- He was tired, so he went to bed early.
When joining two complete sentences, place a comma before the coordinating conjunction. No comma is needed when connecting just words or phrases.
Common mistakes to avoid with coordinating conjunctions
Some common errors include forgetting the comma when joining independent clauses and using coordinating conjunctions to join incomplete ideas.
- Incorrect: I wanted to go but I was tired.
Correct: I wanted to go, but I was tired. - Incorrect: She likes to swim and running.
Correct: She likes swimming, and running. - Incorrect: He is smart but.
Correct: He is smart, but he needs more practice.
Always check that both parts connected by the conjunction are complete sentences if using a comma.