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G.1 Spell words with vowel diphthong patterns

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What are diphthongs?

Diphthongs are special vowel sounds where two vowel sounds glide together in the same syllable. Your voice moves from one vowel sound to another without stopping.

Examples:
  • oi in coin
  • oy in toy
  • ou in house
  • ow in cow
Helpful hint

Diphthongs make one blended sound, not two separate sounds.

Why are diphthongs important?

Diphthongs help readers and writers recognize patterns in English words. Knowing diphthongs makes reading and spelling easier.

Examples in words:
  • oi: boil, soil, coin
  • oy: boy, toy, enjoy
  • ou: shout, cloud, loud
  • ow: cow, now, brown
Helpful hint

Look for common vowel pairs. They often make the diphthong sound together.

How to recognize diphthongs

When you see certain vowel pairs, try saying the word slowly. If your mouth moves from one vowel sound to another in one syllable, it is a diphthong.

Steps to check:
  • Say the word: coin
  • Notice how your mouth starts with the “o” sound and moves to the “i” sound
  • That glide makes the diphthong oi
Helpful hint

Diphthongs often sound like a “glide” between vowels. Try stretching the sound to feel it.

Common diphthongs you should know

These diphthongs are most common in third-grade reading and writing:

Consonant + Vowel Pairs:
  • oi/oy: coin, toy
  • ou/ow: house, cow
  • au/aw: sauce, saw
Helpful hint

Remember: the same sound may be spelled in more than one way, like oi in coin and oy in toy.

Using diphthongs in sentences

Practice reading and writing sentences with diphthongs to become familiar with their sounds.

Examples:
  • “The boy found a coin.” (oy, oi)
  • “The cow ran out of the house.” (ow, ou)
  • “She saw a paw print in the yard.” (aw)
Helpful hint

Try underlining diphthongs in sentences to notice how they sound and where they appear.