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D.1 Spell the long vowel words

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What are long vowels?

Long vowels are vowel sounds that say their own name. For example, the long “a” sounds like the letter “A” in the alphabet.

Examples:
  • Long “a” → cake
  • Long “e” → tree
  • Long “i” → bike
  • Long “o” → home
  • Long “u” → cube
Helpful hint

When you see a long vowel, think of the vowel “saying its name.”

How do you make long vowel sounds?

Long vowels are often formed when a vowel is followed by a silent “e” or when two vowels are placed together in a word.

Examples:
  • Silent “e”: cap → cape (long “a”)
  • Vowel pairs: boat (long “o”), team (long “e”)
Helpful hint

Remember the rhyme: “When two vowels go walking, the first one does the talking.” The first vowel is usually long, and the second one is silent.

Common long vowel patterns

Long vowels appear in regular spelling patterns that can help you read and spell words correctly.

Patterns:
  • Long “a”: ai (rain), ay (play)
  • Long “e”: ee (tree), ea (beach)
  • Long “i”: igh (light), ie (pie)
  • Long “o”: oa (boat), ow (snow)
  • Long “u”: ue (blue), ew (few)
Helpful hint

Practice spotting these patterns in books you read. They will help you decode new words more easily.

Using long vowels in sentences

Reading full sentences with long vowel words will help you build fluency and confidence.

Examples:
  • “The cat sat on the mat.” → short vowels
  • “The cake is on the plate.” → long vowels
  • “She will read the book by the tree.” → long “e”
Helpful hint

Compare short vowel words to long vowel words to hear the difference clearly.

Why are long vowels important?

Understanding long vowels helps you read, spell, and write more accurately. They are an essential part of becoming a strong reader.

Examples of impact:
  • Hop (short “o”) vs. hope (long “o”)
  • Kit (short “i”) vs. kite (long “i”)
Helpful hint

Changing a short vowel to a long vowel can completely change the meaning of a word. Always check carefully when reading or writing.