PP.4 Identify complete sentences, fragments, and run-on sentences
What is a complete sentence?
A complete sentence expresses a full idea. It has a subject (who or what the sentence is about) and a predicate (what the subject does or is). It also begins with a capital letter and ends with correct punctuation.
- The dog runs fast.
- My friends are playing soccer.
- I like to read after school.
If the sentence answers “Who or what?” and “What happens?” it is probably complete.
What is a sentence fragment?
A sentence fragment is an incomplete thought. It is missing a subject, a predicate, or both. A fragment does not express a full idea on its own.
- Running in the park.
- The big yellow bus.
- Because we were late.
Ask yourself: Can this stand alone and make sense? If not, it is a fragment.
What is a run-on sentence?
A run-on sentence happens when two or more complete sentences are joined together incorrectly, usually without proper punctuation or connecting words.
- I like to draw I also like to paint.
- We went to the park it was very fun.
If you try to read it aloud and you need to pause but there is no punctuation, it may be a run-on.
Fixing fragments and run-on sentences
You can correct fragments and run-on sentences by adding missing parts, using punctuation, or adding connecting words like and, but, or because.
- Fragment: The big yellow bus → Complete: The big yellow bus arrived.
- Run-on: I like to draw I also like to paint. → Fixed: I like to draw, and I also like to paint.
Read your sentence aloud. If it sounds unfinished, it may be a fragment. If it sounds too long without a break, it may be a run-on.
Using strong sentences in writing
Strong sentences help your writing make sense and sound clear. Using complete sentences shows your ideas in an organized and understandable way.
- She practiced every day, so she became a better reader.
- We listened carefully and followed the directions.
- It was raining, but we still had a great day.
Check every sentence: Does it start with a capital letter, express a full idea, and end with correct punctuation?