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E.1 Identify and spell words with r-controlled vowels

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What are R-controlled vowels?

R-controlled vowels are vowels that are followed by the letter r. When this happens, the r changes the way the vowel sounds. The vowel no longer makes its regular short or long sound.

Examples:
  • a + r β†’ car
  • e + r β†’ her
  • i + r β†’ bird
Helpful hint

Remember: When a vowel is followed by r, it is no longer a pure vowel sound. We call this an r-controlled vowel sound.

The five main R-controlled vowels

Each vowel can be followed by r to make a new sound. These patterns are common in reading and writing.

Patterns and Words:
  • ar β†’ car, star
  • er β†’ her, sister
  • ir β†’ bird, girl
  • or β†’ corn, storm
  • ur β†’ turn, nurse
Helpful hint

er, ir, and ur usually sound the same. Pay attention to the spelling when you write.

How to read R-controlled vowels

When you see a vowel followed by r, read the vowel and r together as one sound. Do not try to separate them.

Examples:
  • farm β†’ say β€œfar” as one sound, then add β€œm.”
  • corn β†’ say β€œcor” as one sound, then add β€œn.”
  • bird β†’ say β€œbir” as one sound, then add β€œd.”
Helpful hint

Cover the ending letters and focus on the r-controlled vowel first. Then blend the rest of the word.

Common words with R-controlled vowels

You will see many r-controlled vowels in everyday reading. Learning them will help you become a stronger reader.

Word List:
  • ar β†’ car, park, hard
  • er β†’ letter, teacher, butter
  • ir β†’ shirt, first, circle
  • or β†’ horse, morning, north
  • ur β†’ curl, purple, turtle
Helpful hint

Practice reading these words out loud. The more you practice, the faster you will recognize the r-controlled vowel sound.

Using R-controlled vowels in sentences

Once you know the sounds, try reading and writing full sentences with r-controlled vowels. This helps you apply what you learn.

Examples:
  • β€œThe bird is in the tree.”
  • β€œShe has a purple shirt.”
  • β€œWe drove the car to the park.”
Helpful hint

If a sentence sounds strange, check if you are reading the r-controlled vowel as one sound.