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C.1 Identify and complete words with trigraphs

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What is a trigraph?

A trigraph is a group of three letters that come together to make one sound. Even though you see three letters, they work as a single sound when reading a word.

Examples:
  • igh in light
  • tch in match
  • dge in bridge
Helpful hint

Think of a trigraph as “three letters, one sound.” Do not try to pronounce each letter separately.

How do trigraphs work in words?

When you see a trigraph in a word, the three letters blend together to create one sound. This makes reading smoother and helps you decode new words more easily.

Examples:
  • night → the igh says the long “i” sound
  • catch → the tch says the “ch” sound
  • edge → the dge says the “j” sound
Helpful hint

Do not break a trigraph apart when sounding out a word. Treat it as one sound.

Common trigraphs you should know

Here are some of the most common trigraphs that appear in reading and writing. You will see these often in third grade texts.

Trigraph List:
  • tchhatch, watch
  • dgejudge, fudge
  • ighsight, high
  • earhear, dear
  • airfair, chair
Helpful hint

Some trigraphs can sound different in different words. Always read the whole word to check the sound.

Trigraphs in sentences

Seeing trigraphs inside sentences will help you understand how they work in real reading. Practice reading sentences with trigraphs to improve fluency.

Examples:
  • “The bright star shines at night.” (igh)
  • “The judge sat on the bench.” (dge)
  • “I will watch the fair parade.” (tch, air)
Helpful hint

Underline or highlight trigraphs in sentences as you read. This helps you notice patterns and build confidence.

Why are trigraphs important?

Trigraphs are an important part of reading foundations. They help you decode longer and more complex words with accuracy and confidence.

Examples of benefits:
  • Improves spelling skills
  • Helps with reading fluency
  • Makes word recognition faster
Helpful hint

Remember: mastering trigraphs makes you a stronger and more fluent reader.