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EE.1 Subtraction word problems - up to three digits

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What is subtraction with break apart?

Subtraction with break apart means solving a subtraction problem by splitting one of the numbers into smaller parts to make it easier to subtract. We usually break apart the smaller number (the number being subtracted).

Example:
  • 325 − 47 → break apart 47 into 40 and 7.
  • 325 − 40 = 285
  • 285 − 7 = 278
Note

Breaking apart helps you subtract in smaller, easier steps instead of all at once.

How do you identify subtraction word problems?

Look for story problems that ask you to take away, find the difference, or how many are left. These are subtraction problems.

Example:
  • “A zoo has 325 animals. 47 animals were moved to another zoo. How many animals are left?”
  • Clue words: “were moved,” “how many are left” → subtraction.
Note

Always check the story: if something is being taken away or compared, you are subtracting.

Steps to use break apart in subtraction

Follow these steps when you solve subtraction problems using break apart:

Steps:
  • 1. Read the problem and find the two numbers.
  • 2. Break apart the smaller number into tens and ones (or hundreds, tens, and ones).
  • 3. Subtract in parts, starting with the largest place value.
  • 4. Subtract until you reach the final answer.
Note

Breaking apart works best when you subtract in order: hundreds, tens, and then ones.

More examples of break apart subtraction

Here are more subtraction word problems solved by breaking apart the smaller number:

Examples:
  • 428 − 216 → break apart 216 into 200 + 10 + 6
    428 − 200 = 228
    228 − 10 = 218
    218 − 6 = 212
  • 503 − 87 → break apart 87 into 80 + 7
    503 − 80 = 423
    423 − 7 = 416
Note

Check your answer by adding the number you subtracted back to your result. It should equal the starting number.