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CC.1 Subtract up to three digits using the break apart

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What is subtraction using the break apart strategy?

Subtraction with the break apart strategy means separating the smaller number into hundreds, tens, and ones to subtract it more easily from the larger number.

Example:
  • 327 − 142
  • Break 142 into 100 + 40 + 2
  • Subtract each part: 327 − 100 = 227; 227 − 40 = 187; 187 − 2 = 185
  • Final Answer: 185
Note

Breaking apart the smaller number helps you subtract step by step, instead of trying to do it all at once.

How does the break apart strategy work?

The break apart strategy works by splitting the smaller number into hundreds, tens, and ones, then subtracting each place value separately.

Steps:
  • Take the larger number: 256
  • Take the smaller number: 134
  • Break 134 into 100 + 30 + 4
  • Subtract in steps: 256 − 100 = 156, 156 − 30 = 126, 126 − 4 = 122
  • Answer: 122
Note

Always break apart the smaller number, never the bigger number. This keeps subtraction simple and organized.

Why use the break apart strategy?

This strategy helps students understand place value and subtraction more clearly. It breaks a hard problem into smaller, easier steps.

Example:
  • 413 − 256
  • Break 256 into 200 + 50 + 6
  • Subtract: 413 − 200 = 213, 213 − 50 = 163, 163 − 6 = 157
  • Answer: 157
Note

This method makes subtraction easier to check, because you can see each step clearly.

Using break apart subtraction in real life

You can use the break apart strategy in everyday math when working with money, time, or other large numbers.

Example:
  • You have $352, and you spend $128.
  • Break 128 into 100 + 20 + 8
  • Subtract: 352 − 100 = 252, 252 − 20 = 232, 232 − 8 = 224
  • Money left: $224
Note

Breaking apart subtraction helps when you need to solve problems in your head without paper.