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GG.1 Addition and subtraction word problems - up to three digits

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What are mixed operations word problems?

Mixed operations word problems use both addition and subtraction in the same problem. These problems help us decide when to put numbers together and when to take numbers apart.

Example:
  • A farmer has 325 apples. He sells 148 apples and then picks 76 more. How many apples does he have now?
Note

Always read carefully. Look for key words like altogether, left, more, fewer to know whether to add or subtract.

How do we solve them?

To solve, break apart the smaller number and use place value. This makes it easier to add and subtract with larger numbers.

Steps:
  • Start with the big number: 325
  • Subtract the smaller number by breaking apart: 148 = 100 + 40 + 8
  • 325 − 100 = 225
  • 225 − 40 = 185
  • 185 − 8 = 177
  • Now add the next number: 177 + 76
  • Break apart 76 = 70 + 6
  • 177 + 70 = 247
  • 247 + 6 = 253
  • Answer: 253 apples
Note

Always solve step by step. Breaking apart numbers makes the math easier and helps avoid mistakes.

How can we identify mixed operations problems?

Mixed operations problems usually tell a story with more than one action, like “some were added” and “some were taken away.”

Examples of clue words:
  • Addition: in all, altogether, more, join, total
  • Subtraction: left, fewer, take away, gave away, how many more
Note

Circle or underline the important clue words in the problem. This will guide you to choose the correct operation in each step.

Practice with complete sentences

When solving word problems, always write your answer in a complete sentence to show your understanding.

Example:
  • Problem: A zoo has 438 visitors in the morning. 125 visitors leave, and 64 new visitors arrive. How many visitors are there now?
  • Work: 438 − 125 = 313, then 313 + 64 = 377
  • Answer: There are 377 visitors at the zoo now.
Note

Complete sentences show both the number and the meaning of your answer.