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OO.1 Identify the meaning of a word using context clues

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What are context clues?

Context clues are the words and sentences around an unfamiliar word. They give hints that help the reader figure out the word’s meaning.

Examples:
  • “The enormous dog, which was very big, barked loudly.” (The words “very big” help explain “enormous.”)
  • “She wore a cloak, a long, loose coat, to keep warm.” (The phrase “a long, loose coat” gives the meaning of “cloak.”)
Helpful hint

Look for clues before and after the word. Authors often explain tricky words by giving examples, definitions, or synonyms nearby.

Why do readers use context clues?

Readers use context clues to make sense of new words without stopping to look them up. This helps reading flow smoothly and builds stronger vocabulary skills.

Example Sentences:
  • Without context clues: “She looked at the binoculars.” (The meaning is unclear if you don’t know the word.)
  • With context clues: “She looked at the binoculars, the tool that helps you see things far away.” (The meaning is clear.)
Helpful hint

Ask yourself: “What words around this sentence give me a clue?” Use those words to understand new vocabulary.

Types of context clues

Writers use different kinds of context clues. Some common types are:

Examples of Types:
  • Definition: “A habitat is the place where an animal lives.”
  • Synonym: “The girl was joyful, or very happy, to see her friend.”
  • Antonym: “Unlike his messy room, his desk was neat and tidy.”
  • Example: “She likes citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits.”
Helpful hint

When you see an unfamiliar word, check if the sentence defines it, gives a synonym or opposite, or lists examples.

Putting it all together

Good readers use context clues to figure out meanings and build vocabulary. Practicing this skill makes reading easier and more enjoyable.

Examples:
  • “The fragile vase, which could easily break, was placed on a high shelf.” (Definition clue)
  • “The puppy was energetic, or full of energy, and ran around the yard.” (Synonym clue)
  • “He felt gloomy, unlike his usual cheerful mood.” (Antonym clue)
Helpful hint

Remember: Use the words around the unknown word to make your best guess at the meaning.

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