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C.1 Identify consonant digraphs in words

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What are consonant digraphs?

A consonant digraph is two consonants that work together to make a single sound. The sound is different from the sound each letter makes on its own.

Examples:
  • chchair, lunch
  • shship, fish
  • ththumb, bath
  • ph → graph, elephant
  • whwhale, when
Note

Remember: two letters together can make just one sound. Don’t try to pronounce them separately.

ch, sh, and th

These digraphs are very common. They often appear at the beginning or end of words. Each makes its own special sound.

Examples:
  • chchicken, teach
  • shshe, bush
  • ththree, teeth
Note

The digraph th can make two sounds: a soft sound in thin and a voiced sound in this. Listen carefully when reading.

ph and wh

These digraphs are less common but important. The letters work together to create sounds not linked to their single letters.

Examples:
  • phphone, dolphin
  • whwhite, whisper
Note

The digraph ph makes the same sound as f. The digraph wh usually makes the same sound as w, but with more breath.

Finding digraphs in words

When reading, look for pairs of letters that stay together. Spotting digraphs helps you sound out words more quickly and correctly.

Examples:
  • church → two digraphs in one word.
  • fish → digraph at the end.
  • wheel → digraph at the beginning.
Note

Circle or highlight digraphs when practicing new words. This will help train your eyes to see them quickly.

Using digraphs to read new words

Breaking words into parts can make reading easier. When you find a digraph, treat it as one sound instead of two.

Examples:
  • shop → read the digraph as one sound.
  • graph → say /f/ for ph.
  • when → start with the digraph sound.
Note

Cover the rest of the word and sound out just the digraph first. Then blend the digraph with the rest of the word.