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V.1 Compare and contrast in informational text

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What Does It Mean to Compare and Contrast?

When you compare, you tell how two or more things are alike. When you contrast, you tell how they are different. Good readers do both to better understand what they read.

Examples:
  • Comparing: “Cats and dogs are alike because they are both pets.”
  • Contrasting: “Cats are different from dogs because cats usually do not bark.”
Helpful Hint

Look for clue words such as both, same, alike, different, but, however. These words often show a comparison or a contrast.

Why Do We Compare and Contrast in Reading?

Comparing and contrasting helps readers understand ideas more clearly. It shows relationships between characters, settings, events, or topics, and helps you see patterns in the text.

Examples in Stories:
  • Comparing two characters who are both brave.
  • Contrasting a sunny setting with a stormy one.
  • Comparing two fables that teach a lesson in different ways.
Helpful Hint

Ask yourself: “How are these things alike?” and “How are they different?” This helps you understand the text more deeply.

How Do We Show Compare and Contrast?

Readers and writers often use special tools to show comparisons and contrasts. Two common ones are Venn diagrams and T-charts. These make it easy to organize information.

Examples of Tools:
  • A Venn diagram shows what is the same (in the middle) and what is different (on the sides).
  • A T-chart has two columns to list how things are alike and different.
Helpful Hint

Using a chart or diagram can help you see ideas more clearly when reading or writing.

Putting It All Together

When you compare and contrast, you discover both similarities and differences. This skill makes you a stronger reader and helps you think more carefully about what you read.

Examples:
  • Comparing two animals (both have fur) and contrasting them (one is wild, the other is a pet).
  • Comparing two stories (both have heroes) and contrasting them (one ends happily, the other sadly).
Helpful Hint

Remember: Good readers look at both the “alike” and the “different.” Doing both gives you a complete picture.