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V.1 Addition and subtraction word problems up to 20

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Understanding Addition and Subtraction Word Problems

Word problems show us how math connects to real life. In this lesson, we practice solving addition and subtraction problems where the numbers and answers are 20 or less.

Examples:
  • Problem: Mia has 12 toy cars. She gets 5 more. How many cars does she have now?
    Solution: 12 + 5 = 17
  • Problem: Alex has 15 balloons. He gives 7 to his friend. How many balloons does he have left?
    Solution: 15 βˆ’ 7 = 8
Helpful Hint

Look for words that tell you whether to add (put together) or subtract (take away).

Finding the Total or What’s Left

When we add, we find the total, also called the sum. When we subtract, we find what is left, called the difference.

Examples:
  • Problem: A basket has 9 apples. Another basket has 6 apples. How many apples are there in all?
    Solution: 9 + 6 = 15
  • Problem: There are 18 birds on a tree. 5 fly away. How many are still in the tree?
    Solution: 18 βˆ’ 5 = 13
Helpful Hint

Words like in all or together mean add. Words like left, take away, or how many are still mean subtract.

Breaking Apart Numbers

We can break numbers into parts, called decomposing, to make adding or subtracting easier. This helps when working with bigger numbers.

Examples:
  • Problem: Emma has 14 marbles. She gets 6 more. How many in total?
    Solution: Break 6 into 4 and 2. 14 + 4 = 18, then 18 + 2 = 20. So, 14 + 6 = 20.
  • Problem: Liam has 16 candies. He eats 7 of them. How many are left?
    Solution: Break 7 into 6 and 1. 16 βˆ’ 6 = 10, then 10 βˆ’ 1 = 9. So, 16 βˆ’ 7 = 9.
Helpful Hint

Breaking apart numbers helps you use facts you already know, like making a ten, to solve problems faster.

Using Drawings and Objects

We can use pictures, counters, or real objects to model word problems. This makes it easier to understand what is happening.

Examples:
  • Problem: Noah has 8 toy bears. His friend gives him 9 more. How many does he have now?
    Solution: Draw 8 bears, then 9 more. Count them: 8 + 9 = 17.
  • Problem: There are 20 cookies. You eat 12 of them. How many are left?
    Solution: Use counters to model: 20 βˆ’ 12 = 8.
Helpful Hint

Use buttons, coins, or blocks to act out the story before solving with numbers.

Everyday Word Problems

We use addition and subtraction in everyday life, such as when sharing food, counting toys, or keeping track of scores.

Real-Life Examples:
  • Problem: You read 11 pages in the morning and 7 more in the afternoon. How many pages did you read?
    Solution: 11 + 7 = 18
  • Problem: There are 20 chairs in a room. 9 are taken away. How many are left?
    Solution: 20 βˆ’ 9 = 11
Try This

Make up your own word problems using toys, food, or things you see around you. Then solve them by adding or subtracting within 20.