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A.2 Identify consonants

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What Are Consonants?

Consonants are letters in the alphabet that are not vowels. They make sounds by partially blocking the airflow from your mouth using your tongue, teeth, or lips. The English alphabet has 21 consonants: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.

Examples:
  • The letter b in ball makes a /b/ sound.
  • The letter d in dog makes a /d/ sound.
  • The letter m in mat makes a /m/ sound.
Remember!

You can identify consonants by remembering the five vowels (a, e, i, o, u). Any letter that is not one of these five is a consonant.


Why Learn Consonants?

Recognizing consonants is a fundamental skill for reading and spelling. They are the "building blocks" that combine with vowels to form words. Understanding consonants helps children sound out words and identify new vocabulary.

How consonants help:
  • Consonants like c and t are combined with a vowel like a to make the word cat.
  • They help you hear the beginning, middle, and ending sounds of words.
  • Knowing consonant sounds makes it easier to decode and read new words.
Tip

Practice saying the sounds of consonants like /p/, /t/, and /b/ out loud. You can feel how your mouth changes shape to make each sound.


Recognizing Consonant Letters

Each consonant has a unique shape and form. It's important to be able to identify them quickly in both lowercase and uppercase. Practice spotting them in everyday places like books, signs, and labels.

Consonant letter shapes:
  • b is a line with a circle on the right.
  • d is a line with a circle on the left.
  • f looks like a candy cane with a line in the middle.
  • s looks like a winding snake.
Keep in Mind

Some consonants can look similar, like b and d. Paying attention to which way the circle faces is a great way to tell them apart.


Fun Ways to Learn Consonants

1. Consonant Sound Hunt

Go on a scavenger hunt to find objects that start with a specific consonant sound. For example, find a book for “b” or a cup for “c.”

2. Letter Tracing and Writing

Use your finger or a pencil to trace consonants in a tray of sand or on paper. Say the letter's name and sound as you write it.

3. Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (CVC) Words

Use letter magnets or blocks to create simple three-letter words. Start with a consonant, add a vowel, and finish with another consonant to build words like cat, dog, or sun.

Keep It Fun

Playing games with letters and sounds helps reinforce learning and makes it a more enjoyable experience.


Key Terms to Know

  • Consonant: A letter in the alphabet that is not a vowel (a, e, i, o, u).
  • Vowel: A letter that creates a clear, open sound (a, e, i, o, u).
  • Consonant Blend: Two or more consonants together where you can hear each individual sound, like "bl" in black.
  • Digraph: Two consonants that make a single new sound, like "sh" in shoe.
Keep This in Mind

Knowing these terms helps you understand how letters work together to form words.


Tips for Success

  • Practice saying consonant sounds daily.
  • Use everyday objects to find letters and sounds.
  • Read books and point to the consonants you know.
  • Use hands-on activities, like tracing or building words, to make learning concrete.
Final Thought

Mastering consonants and vowels is a fantastic foundation for becoming a great reader and writer. Keep up the great work!